An overview of the mineral potential of Somalia

Virtual training report on integrated pest management

In the last three decades, Somalia faced improper management of importing confessional pesticides, the consequence of that leaded many pesticides which banned internationally to enter the country, and then primary pests became resistant moreover a large number of farmworkers suffering from the side effect of synthetic pesticides due to improper use of pesticides. The general objectives of the training were the capacity building of Integrated Pest Management by practicing elements of IPM such as; Biological control, Cultural control, Legislation, plant quarantine, and genetic control. Ten hours for five days training workshop on capacity building for different students from seven universities were done in Mogadishu. The training was conducted by the Somali Natural resources Research Center SONRREC, and the numbers of participants were 45 students. The results revealed that trainees get sufficient knowledge that integrated pest management is significant for sustainable agricultural development.

A Textbook of Economic Entomology

Entomology is a branch of biology that deals with studying insects. It may divide into four main branches such as Agricultural entomology, medical entomology, industrial entomology, and forensic entomology. Agricultural entomology concerns the study of harmful and beneficial insects that affect agriculture products both in the field or storage e.g., Desert locust, Somali Blister beetle, and Aphids, while medical entomology gives attention to insects that affect human and animal health directly or indirectly as a pathogen vector for example Mosquitoes, Tsetse fly, Sandfly and lice. Industrial entomology elucidates insects that use for a genetic purpose like the fruit fly Drosophila whereas forensic entomology explains the use of the insects that inhabit decomposing dead bodies to aid legal investigations. Insects also probably have the biggest biomass of terrestrial animals because they are the most diverse group of organisms.

An overview of the mineral potential of Somalia

Abstract The mining sector of Somalia is still in its infancy stage with activity being predominantly artisanal in nature. However, Somalia has significant potential, and large proportions of its landmass have yet to be explored. Although mining activities in Somalia are minimal, the known mineral targets constitute less than 20%. The country has never had an overall geological and mineralogical survey. Past reconnaissance and exploration efforts were erratic; something here and something there and unfortunately that meagre data (though old) generated was lost during the civil war. The known mineral targets can be classified in these five main categories:

1. Mining for precious and semi-precious minerals: Only artisanal miners are involved in this activity in their search for gold, diamond, platinum, and gemstones such as emerald, ruby, sapphire, tourmaline, and meteorites.
2. Industrial mineral targets include phosphates, kaolin, bentonite, potash, lithium brines, sepiolite, talc, iguana, pegmatites, and quartz.
3. Target ores: Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), rutile for Titanium, tin (Sb), gold (Au), and silver (Ag)
4. Target energy minerals: These include uranium, lignite, coal, and hydrocarbons - oil and gas
5. Mining for building materials and ornamental stones: Granite, limestone, marble, kaolin, and lime production

Author(s): Abdulkadir Abiikar Hussein August 15, 2018

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Report on Training Beekeeping Practice

Beekeeping is the core of agricultural development in Somalia, as it makes significant contributions to the National Income and Gross Domestic Product GDP of the country in form of improved crop production and export of bee products. In Somalia, the presence of a bee colony can enhance agricultural production in terms of pollinating fruit and vegetable production. Beehive products, especially honey attract the best prices making it a valuable commodity for income. The honeybee produces more than just the production of honey, but there are other substances that bee colonies produce naturally, such as propolis, beeswax, pollen grain, and royal jelly. These products are very much required in Somalia, but the demand is not always fulfilled by local supply. Recently beekeeping companies are considerably increasing in Somalia, while traditional beehives are decreasing when compared to modern beehives specially Langstroth and ten frame beehives.   Author: Mohamed Dayib Abubakar

The socio-economic impact of fishing on food security in Mogadishu

Abstract In Somalia, Fishing is a highly profitable venture throughout the world; the tuna industry alone is worth $6 billion globally. Surveys of fishing in Somalia show that there are significant fish stocks off the coast of Somalia, and it is considered to be some of the richest fishing grounds in the region. The specific objectives of this study are to inspect the Tools and Equipment used for fishing in Mogadishu and find out the skills involved in fishing in Mogadishu and also to shed light on the productivity impact of fishing on food security in the capital of Somalia Mogadishu. The research employed a survey research approach through a descriptive study. It was also based on a quantitative approach while the primary data of this study was collected through a questionnaire. The research population was the fisherpersons in Mogadishu and the estimated target population was 90 people. A sample size of 74 respondents was selected by using Slovene’s formula. The main findings of this study showed that 100 % of the respondents were male. This is due to the Somali culture that males are doing fishing than women. Fishers in Mogadishu are using nets for fishing. According to the boats, fishers in Mogadishu most of the respondents selected Modern boats 94.6% while 5.4% selected traditional boats. In respect of methods for preservation, freezing is mostly used by fishers in Mogadishu furthermore most respondents are selected freezing in a block of ice as a tool for storing fishes. Fishers in Mogadishu 95% have not gotten training about fishing they still use their traditional ways. Whereas 2.7% get training from the government and 1.4% get it from the private sector while 5.4% get it from other sectors. Also, all of the respondents agreed for there are high profitable ventures through fishing in Somalia and it may contribute to a reduction of poverty through the generation of revenues. Authors: Hassan Nor Osman, Mohamed Dayib, Musab, A.I., Yusuf, A, A., Abdullah, M.H, & Mohame d, O.A